Swollen gums can be an uncomfortable and alarming condition, sometimes indicating underlying dental issues or general health problems. Understanding the reasons behind your swollen gums can help you take appropriate action to correct the problem and maintain your oral health.
Causes of swollen gums
Here are six common causes of swollen gums and ways to prevent and treat them:
1. Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease and is often characterized by red, bleeding, and swollen gums. It occurs due to plaque buildup on the teeth, which can irritate the gums if not removed through regular brushing and flossing.
Prevention and treatment:
- Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing twice a day and flossing daily.
- Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and check-ups.
2. Periodontitis
If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. This condition not only causes swollen gums but can also lead to tooth loss if not managed properly.
Prevention and treatment:
- Follow the same steps as for preventing gingivitis.
- Seek professional dental treatment, which may include procedures such as deep cleaning, scaling, and root planning.
- In severe cases, surgical interventions may be necessary. Your dentist or periodontist will determine which treatment is best for you.
- Common surgical procedures for severe periodontitis include flap surgery, bone grafts, soft tissue grafts, guided tissue regeneration, and more.
3. Hormonal changes
Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can cause increased blood flow to the gums, leading to swelling and sensitivity.
Prevention and treatment:
- Maintain good oral hygiene practices.
- Schedule regular dental check-ups, especially during pregnancy.
- If you experience sensitive gums during menstruation, schedule cleanings for about a week after the end of your cycle.
4. Nutritional deficiencies
A deficiency in essential vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin C, can lead to swollen gums. Scurvy, caused by severe vitamin C deficiency, is a well-known condition that results in gum swelling and bleeding.
Prevention and treatment:
- Ensure a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Your healthcare provider may recommend taking vitamin supplements.
5. Infections
Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause swollen gums. Common types of infections include herpes simplex virus (HSV), Streptococcus (the bacteria that causes strep throat), and coxsackieviruses (the virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease).
Prevention and treatment:
- Practice good oral hygiene to prevent infections.
- Consult a healthcare provider for appropriate antiviral or antifungal medications.
- Avoid sharing utensils or oral hygiene tools to prevent the spread of infections.
- Rinse with warm salt water for relief.
6. Smoking
According to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, “There are several risk factors for gum disease, but smoking is the most significant. Smoking also can make treatment for gum disease less successful.”
As mentioned above, gum disease (gingivitis or periodontitis) can lead to tender, red, and swollen gums.
Prevention and treatment:
- Quit smoking and avoid all tobacco products.
- Follow a good and consistent oral health care routine.
- Visit your dentist twice a year for check-ups and cleaning.
Pay attention to swollen gums
Swollen gums occur for various reasons, from poor oral hygiene and nutritional deficiencies to infections and smoking. Understanding the reasons behind your swollen gums can help you take steps to address the issues and maintain healthy gums and teeth.
If you experience persistent gum swelling, consult your dentist for a thorough evaluation and personalized treatment plan.
Want to learn more about gum health? Check out “Why gum health is so important”.
